Sunday, May 10, 2009
Orthopedic Impairments
Definition
According to the IDEA, an orthopedic impairment is a severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance. The term includes impairments due to the effects of congenital anomaly (e.g., clubfoot, absence of some member, etc.), impairments due to the effects of disease (e.g., poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis, etc.), and impairments from other causes (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause contractures).
The result of orthopedic problems varies, but generally students may have problems using legs, arms, and hands. Some will use assistive technology to help them function as independently as possible
Teaching Approaches
For these children I would allow more time for them to complete their work. I think its is important that they learn but more important that as they learn they are participating. I would make sure the student is comfortable in his or her desk so this will give them a better opportunity of learning. Also, that give the student a tape recorder to recorder answers if they have a hard time writing. Making the child make is own decision is a big key in helping them learn. I think that if the students picks would he would like to sit or what subject he wants to do next, gives me as a teacher a better idea what he is most interested in and is wanting to learn. If the students feels more comfortable in doing parts of his or her homework outside the classroom I feel that the teacher should allow this.
Also, I’ve heard that giving students lectures on a tape will better help them if they have difficulty in writing or are unable to write.
Specific Technologies
A tape recorder
An Easel
Pointer
Computers
TV’s for the students see visual
Board Markers
Pointers or Lasers
Adaptive Key Boards
Annoted References
1. http://www.napcse.org/exceptionalchildren/orthopedicimpairments.php
a great site for parents that explains this disability in great depth
2. http://www.as.wvu.edu/~scidis/motor.html
a good site for teaching strategies
3. http://www.suite101.com/reference/orthopedic_impairment
good articles for teachers or parents on this disability
4. http://www.aasep.org/professional-resources/exceptionalstudents/orthopedicimpairment/index.html
information for myself as an educator
5. http://www.plsd.k12.pa.us/HighSchool/FineArts/Special%20Needs/musicclassroom/orthopedic_impairment.htm
a website for teachers to help plan a student’s
According to the IDEA, an orthopedic impairment is a severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance. The term includes impairments due to the effects of congenital anomaly (e.g., clubfoot, absence of some member, etc.), impairments due to the effects of disease (e.g., poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis, etc.), and impairments from other causes (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause contractures).
The result of orthopedic problems varies, but generally students may have problems using legs, arms, and hands. Some will use assistive technology to help them function as independently as possible
Teaching Approaches
For these children I would allow more time for them to complete their work. I think its is important that they learn but more important that as they learn they are participating. I would make sure the student is comfortable in his or her desk so this will give them a better opportunity of learning. Also, that give the student a tape recorder to recorder answers if they have a hard time writing. Making the child make is own decision is a big key in helping them learn. I think that if the students picks would he would like to sit or what subject he wants to do next, gives me as a teacher a better idea what he is most interested in and is wanting to learn. If the students feels more comfortable in doing parts of his or her homework outside the classroom I feel that the teacher should allow this.
Also, I’ve heard that giving students lectures on a tape will better help them if they have difficulty in writing or are unable to write.
Specific Technologies
A tape recorder
An Easel
Pointer
Computers
TV’s for the students see visual
Board Markers
Pointers or Lasers
Adaptive Key Boards
Annoted References
1. http://www.napcse.org/exceptionalchildren/orthopedicimpairments.php
a great site for parents that explains this disability in great depth
2. http://www.as.wvu.edu/~scidis/motor.html
a good site for teaching strategies
3. http://www.suite101.com/reference/orthopedic_impairment
good articles for teachers or parents on this disability
4. http://www.aasep.org/professional-resources/exceptionalstudents/orthopedicimpairment/index.html
information for myself as an educator
5. http://www.plsd.k12.pa.us/HighSchool/FineArts/Special%20Needs/musicclassroom/orthopedic_impairment.htm
a website for teachers to help plan a student’s
Saturday, May 9, 2009
Communication Disorders- Speech and Lanugage
Definition:
Communication disorders- encompasses a wide variety of problems in language, speech, and hearing. Speech and language impairments include articulation problems, voice disorders, fluency problems (such as stuttering), aphasia (difficulty in using words, usually as a result of a brain injury), and delays in speech and/or language.
Speech and language delays may be due to many factors, including environmental factors or hearing loss.Many communication disorders result from other conditions such as learning disabilities, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, or cleft lip or cleft palate.
Three basic types of speech impairment are articulation disorders
-errors in production of speech sounds
-fluency disorders *difficulties with flow or rhythm of speech
-voice disorders *problems with the quality or use of one's voice
Implications in Teaching
I think that Spoken language is very important to do while teaching, it provides the foundation for the development of reading and writing. Spoken and written language have a reciprocal relationship – each builds on the other to result in general language and literacy competence.
I think that when teaching these children it is important that the child knows that he needs to make the corrects sounds as well as possible. Speech pathologist should work with the child on his or her speech. Also, having the child record and listen to himself will help the student see what sounds he is missing. I know it is extremely hard on these students. As a elementary teacher I will give print outs of words and have time to go through each and every letter with the student to help them pronounce the word correctly. If a child cannot speak out I could provide a microphone for him to talk through to amplify his sounds.
Specific Technologies
Voice Recorders- to record their voices so they can replay back to themselves.
Microphones- to amplify their voices.
Speech Recognition Technology to help students be able to learn on the computer.
Hand held speech Devices- talks to students in instructional methods.
Annotated References
1. http://www.comeunity.com/disability/speech/communication.html
great definitions and ways to help these students.
2. http://www.kidsource.com/Kidsource/content2/language_disorders
a website for children’s parents
3. ttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/317758-overview
has a great deal of information on this disorder.
4. http://www.readingrockets.org/article/5128
answers many different questions on this disorder
5. http://www.gusinc.com/
a site for hand help speech devices
Giftedness and Talented Children
The federal Definition for giftedness is:
Children and whenever applicable, youth, who are identified at the preschool, elementary, or secondary level as possessing demonstrated or potential high performances capabilities in areas such as intellectual, creative, specific academic, or leadership ability or in the performing and visual arts and who by reason thereof require services or activities not ordinarily provided by the school...gifted and talented will encompass a minimum of 3-5 percent of the school population.
"Children capable of high performance include those with demonstrated achievement and/or potential ability in any of the following areas, singly or in combination:
· general intellectual ability
· specific academic aptitude
· creative or productive thinking
· leadership ability
· visual or performing arts
· psychomotor ability."
There are many different characteristics of a gifted and talented child. These students can relate one idea to another, make sound judgments, acquire and manipulate abstract symbol systems, solve problems by refraining the question and creating novel solutions, perfection, need to precision, fascination with words and ideas, these children learn in great intuitive leaps, have an intense need for mental stimulation, have early moral and existential concerns, and have tendency toward introversion are a some just to name a few of the characteristics that these type of child perceive.
Implications of Teaching
When it comes to teaching these students. I think if they are easily getting bored in the classroom because they can already complete their work and have a great understand of everything that you are teaching the other students, then this where it is important as a teacher to make extra curriculum in regards to their knowledge. I think having these children learn the same thing as the rest of the child in the classroom but just put more to it. Going the extra step and making them do more in depth learning and studying. I think keeping these children on the same subject as the rest of the class is important if all possible. I know these children can be extremely smart and actually skip a grade but I’m not a believe much in to that.
I think these children need to stay in the appropriate grades. I think there needs to be a extra class where they can go participate with other gifted and talented children but also, be involved in the regular classroom as well. Children in the regular classroom can learn from these students in many different ways. If a teacher isn’t able to get the concept through a child’s mind it may be possible if the gifted student could briefly explain it to them they way the grabbed onto the concept and help out other children.
Overall, it is important that these children aren’t just completing there work and getting bored while in school. It is the teachers responsible to get these children on a higher curriculum where they can be challenged. It is necessarily important for the teacher to make learning fun and but not easy for these children. As a teacher, when I will have a gifted child in my classroom, I will make extra activities and another more difficult curriculum for these children to be taught and go by.
These children will need more challenging activities than the rest of the class.
Technologies:
Smart Boards.
Word Documents- have students type notes after writing them.
The Internet- this give the students ways to go farther into readings and research.
Annotated Reference:
1. http://www.nagc.org/index.aspx?id=1498
This is a great website for parents as well as educators. Also, a website for the child as well.
2. http://specialed.about.com/od/giftedness/a/giftedsteps.htm
A great site for teachers, give different teaching strategies
3. http://www.weac.org/kids/1998-99/march99/differ.htm
a great article for teachers as well as parents on teaching differentiated instruction.
4. http://www.nwrel.org/msec/images/resources/justgood/12.99.pdf
a in depth study. Great reading.
5. http://www.brainy-child.com/expert/giftedness-section.shtml :
a website that has many different ideas on what to do with gifted students.
Monday, April 20, 2009
Other Health Impairments
Definition of Exceptionality
Health Impairments and Physical Impairments
Definition of the IDEA is a severe orthopedic impairment- adversely affects a child's educational performance. Impairments caused by a congenital anomaly, disease, and other causes are included. Orthopedic impairment- skeletal system* bones, joints, limbs, associated muscles.
There is a diverse range of disabilities in this category including such conditions as cerebral palsy, spina bifida, amputations or limb absences, and muscular dystrophy
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)Definition: persistent pattern of inattention and / or hyperactivity disorder impulsively that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in people at a comparable level of development. They must have at least 6 symptoms of either inattention or hyperactivity-impulsively for a period of at least 6 months with the onset of the symptoms before the age of 7.
Implications of Teaching
As an elementary teach which I will be there are many different educational considerations that need to be taken in to place.
A child whom has ADHD have a very difficult time in learning. They easily get bored and uninterested in things. It is best when teaching these children to give little bits of information at a time so they can obtain it. A task needs to be completely finished before moving on to the next. In teaching these students a teacher must have patients and a positive attitude to help these students.
Spending time one on one with these student is great. This is also a time where you could talk about other things outside of school work to help these children get negative thinking and help them to become positive.
Specific Technologies
1. A paraprofessional
2. A specialist in speech if a child has speech problems.
3. Keyboards
4. A pointer for teachers to use so these children can easily follow.
Annotated Reference
1. Student with Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments.
http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9213/health.htm
2. Physical Disabilities in the classroom
http://specialed.about.com/od/physicaldisabilities/Physical_Disabilities.htm
3. A guide for teachers and parents for ADHD very valuable
http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd?utm_medium=ask&utm_source=smart&utm_campaign=article&utm_term=ADHD&ask_return=Attention+Deficit+Hyperactivity+Disorder+
4. Teaching Student with these disabilities
http://codi.buffalo.edu/archives/colleges/.gasouth/.physical
5. Great articles on orthopedic impairment.
http://education.gsu.edu/PhysicalDis/news.html
Health Impairments and Physical Impairments
Definition of the IDEA is a severe orthopedic impairment- adversely affects a child's educational performance. Impairments caused by a congenital anomaly, disease, and other causes are included. Orthopedic impairment- skeletal system* bones, joints, limbs, associated muscles.
There is a diverse range of disabilities in this category including such conditions as cerebral palsy, spina bifida, amputations or limb absences, and muscular dystrophy
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)Definition: persistent pattern of inattention and / or hyperactivity disorder impulsively that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in people at a comparable level of development. They must have at least 6 symptoms of either inattention or hyperactivity-impulsively for a period of at least 6 months with the onset of the symptoms before the age of 7.
Implications of Teaching
As an elementary teach which I will be there are many different educational considerations that need to be taken in to place.
A child whom has ADHD have a very difficult time in learning. They easily get bored and uninterested in things. It is best when teaching these children to give little bits of information at a time so they can obtain it. A task needs to be completely finished before moving on to the next. In teaching these students a teacher must have patients and a positive attitude to help these students.
Spending time one on one with these student is great. This is also a time where you could talk about other things outside of school work to help these children get negative thinking and help them to become positive.
Specific Technologies
1. A paraprofessional
2. A specialist in speech if a child has speech problems.
3. Keyboards
4. A pointer for teachers to use so these children can easily follow.
Annotated Reference
1. Student with Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments.
http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9213/health.htm
2. Physical Disabilities in the classroom
http://specialed.about.com/od/physicaldisabilities/Physical_Disabilities.htm
3. A guide for teachers and parents for ADHD very valuable
http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd?utm_medium=ask&utm_source=smart&utm_campaign=article&utm_term=ADHD&ask_return=Attention+Deficit+Hyperactivity+Disorder+
4. Teaching Student with these disabilities
http://codi.buffalo.edu/archives/colleges/.gasouth/.physical
5. Great articles on orthopedic impairment.
http://education.gsu.edu/PhysicalDis/news.html
Autism
Definition of Exceptionality
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism is a neurobehavioral syndrome marked by qualitative impairments of social interaction and communication, an by restricted reptetive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior.
Characteristics:
Difficulty relating to others in a typical manner
Extreme aloneness
Resistance to being picked up or held by parents
Significant speech deficits
Good rote memory
Early specific food preferences
Obsessive desire for sameness
Bizarre, repetitive behavior, such as consistently moving back and forth
Lack of imagination
Normal physical appearance
Definition of Autism from the IDEA. Autism means a developmental disability affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interacting, generally evident before agree three, that adversely affect a child’s educational performance. Other characteristics often associated with autism and engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routine, and unusual responses to sensory experience. Autism doesn’t apply not apply if a child’s educational performance is adversely affected primarily because the child has a serious emotional disturbance. A child who manifest the characteristics of autism after age 3 could be identified as having autism.
Autism is reported higher in males than females to a 4:1 ratio.
Implications of Teaching
Teaching student with autism isn’t easy but can be very successful. As an elementary teacher I will use educational approaches.
I think that using visual supports can be used in a variety of ways in the classroom. Visual supports can be very useful and help keep the child on task and stay organized. Ways in which you can use these visual supports are in labeling. Such as containers, signs, charts, and ect. This can help the child learn and understand organization. Being able to post rules and a schedule of a daily routine will help the students to stay on track and know when one lesson starts and another will end.
It is important to provide age appropriate materials. It is important when given oral instructions to make them simple. Teachers should avoid long instructions and when possible give visual aids to help these students not become overwhelm with the information.
Specific Technolgoies
1. Visual Pictures
2. Recorders
3. Schedules
4. Personal white boards or chalk boards to help draw pictures for students who have trouble in communicating.
Annotated References
1. One thing these student need most is PRAISE. Make sure you are giving them praise on things that they are doing well. These students become discourage easily so giving them praise gives them a sense of accomplishment.
2. Teaching Students with Autism- excellent study that was done great source
http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/specialed/docs/autism.pdf
3. A guide for Educators
http://www.education.gov.sk.ca/adx/aspx/adxGetMedia.aspx?DocID=190,211,107,81,1,Documents&MediaID=1376&Filename=Autism.pdf
4. Autism Fact Sheet
ttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm.
5. Autism Society of American
http://www.autism-society.org/site/PageServer?pagename=research_home
6. Excellent Site for teaching students with Autism.
http://www.polyxo.com/
Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Definition of Exceptionality
Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
The IDEA defines emotional or behavioral disorder as a disability that is characterized by emotional or behavioral responses in school programs so different from appropriate age cultural, or ethnic norms that the responses adversely affect educational performance. In response to stressful events in the environment; consistently exhibited in two different settings, at least one of which is school-related, and unresponsive to direct intervention in general education or the condition of the child is such that general education interventions would be insufficient. This term also includes such disabilities that co-exist with other disabilities. Includes a schizophrenic disorder, affective disorder, anxiety disorder, or other sustained disorder of conduct or adjustment, affecting a child if the disorder affects educational performance.
When a student has a emotional or behavior disorder they tend to have difficulties in the transitions. When these children are in any type of transitions the must have complete support from the parents as well as the students. They children often become depressed.
Implications of Teaching
When teaching student whom suffer from Emotional and Behavioral Disorders you must Abe very patient and through. These children tend to be slower learner than others. As an elementary teacher in which I will be teaching I feel that you must set the rules up front and be consistent with them. It is my job to keep these students engaged in activities and if any inappropriate behavior arises there will be consequences which were set up before. Also, it is important with all students but especially to let them know when they are doing a good job in behaving and also in their school work.
These children also are very interruptive. As a teacher we must be ready to deal with the inappropriate behaviors. These children are easily discouraged and as a teacher I must help them to stay positive and stay on track to be successful.
I think a good way for elementary student to be rewarded is starting a reward system. For everyday they’ve were behaving properly give them a reward. I know a classroom in which I observed did this, they all had piggy banks. For every day that you were going you got a coin to put in your piggy. Once you earned so many coin you got to choose from the prize box. This really encouraged the students to do their best and behave properly. Also, I could encourage that if a child did something extremely well they the could possibly earn extra coins. Also, with this reward system you may also reverse it where as if they had extreme behavior then a coin may be taken away. You must know each and every student to know what you should expect out of them. Some will behavior much better than others.
Specific Technologies
Written classroom rules and expectations
Like I said above some type of behavior reward system.
Hand Outs
Overheads so that it engages the students attention to focus on something instead of sitting there were as they would be more likely to get into trouble.
Annotated Reference
1.Special Education- great resource and emotional disorders
http://www.gradebook.org/Emotional%20Disability.htm
2. Best practice for Behavior in the Classroom
http://specialed.about.com/cs/behaviordisorders/a/Behavior.htm
3. Disability Services for students- help get to know what the child is experiencing
http://www.socc.edu/serv_resrc/disability/faculty/emotional.htm
4. Stratigies for teaching Students whom having Emotional and behavioral Disorders.
http://www.as.wvu.edu/~scidis/behavior.html
5. American Academy of Special education Processionals
http://aasep.org/professionial-resources/exceptionalstudents/emotional
Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
The IDEA defines emotional or behavioral disorder as a disability that is characterized by emotional or behavioral responses in school programs so different from appropriate age cultural, or ethnic norms that the responses adversely affect educational performance. In response to stressful events in the environment; consistently exhibited in two different settings, at least one of which is school-related, and unresponsive to direct intervention in general education or the condition of the child is such that general education interventions would be insufficient. This term also includes such disabilities that co-exist with other disabilities. Includes a schizophrenic disorder, affective disorder, anxiety disorder, or other sustained disorder of conduct or adjustment, affecting a child if the disorder affects educational performance.
When a student has a emotional or behavior disorder they tend to have difficulties in the transitions. When these children are in any type of transitions the must have complete support from the parents as well as the students. They children often become depressed.
Implications of Teaching
When teaching student whom suffer from Emotional and Behavioral Disorders you must Abe very patient and through. These children tend to be slower learner than others. As an elementary teacher in which I will be teaching I feel that you must set the rules up front and be consistent with them. It is my job to keep these students engaged in activities and if any inappropriate behavior arises there will be consequences which were set up before. Also, it is important with all students but especially to let them know when they are doing a good job in behaving and also in their school work.
These children also are very interruptive. As a teacher we must be ready to deal with the inappropriate behaviors. These children are easily discouraged and as a teacher I must help them to stay positive and stay on track to be successful.
I think a good way for elementary student to be rewarded is starting a reward system. For everyday they’ve were behaving properly give them a reward. I know a classroom in which I observed did this, they all had piggy banks. For every day that you were going you got a coin to put in your piggy. Once you earned so many coin you got to choose from the prize box. This really encouraged the students to do their best and behave properly. Also, I could encourage that if a child did something extremely well they the could possibly earn extra coins. Also, with this reward system you may also reverse it where as if they had extreme behavior then a coin may be taken away. You must know each and every student to know what you should expect out of them. Some will behavior much better than others.
Specific Technologies
Written classroom rules and expectations
Like I said above some type of behavior reward system.
Hand Outs
Overheads so that it engages the students attention to focus on something instead of sitting there were as they would be more likely to get into trouble.
Annotated Reference
1.Special Education- great resource and emotional disorders
http://www.gradebook.org/Emotional%20Disability.htm
2. Best practice for Behavior in the Classroom
http://specialed.about.com/cs/behaviordisorders/a/Behavior.htm
3. Disability Services for students- help get to know what the child is experiencing
http://www.socc.edu/serv_resrc/disability/faculty/emotional.htm
4. Stratigies for teaching Students whom having Emotional and behavioral Disorders.
http://www.as.wvu.edu/~scidis/behavior.html
5. American Academy of Special education Processionals
http://aasep.org/professionial-resources/exceptionalstudents/emotional
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